In yesterday’s Advisor, we shared the results of our 2014 Performance Management survey; today, the rest of the results.
Supervisors’ Role in Performance Appraisals
Management’s top responsibilities when it comes to performance evaluations are writing evaluations of their direct reports for 85.6% of survey participants, followed closely by setting goals for/with employees for 78.3%, conducting review meetings for 75.3%, and coaching employees for improved performance for 75.3%. Finishing out the field is reviewing evaluations prepared by their direct reports for their own employees (64.6%), deciding employee salary raises (50.8%), and providing input to other supervisors on their direct reports (40.5%).
The errors performance evaluators make include: not completing the evaluation (13.8%), halo effect (18.6%), and horn effect (12.3%). The three most common errors are:
- Not following up with the employee to check on progress, 40.1%
- Not wanting to hurt feelings or overrate so evaluations place all employees in the middle of the scale, 40%
- Focusing on the most recent performance rather than the entire review period, 38.9%
Supervisor’s Error |
Percent reporting that error |
Rater does not follow up with employee after evaluation to check on progress |
40.1% |
Central tendency (Rater doesn’t want to hurt feelings or overrate so places all employees in the middle of the scale.) |
40.0% |
Recent effect (Rater focuses on most recent rather than entire review period.) |
38.9% |
Rater is late completing evaluations |
38.3% |
Leniency effect (Rater overrates to avoid making enemies.) |
37.6% |
Rater does not include details on why employee was rated a certain way |
37.4% |
Rater does not include a plan for improvement |
25.5% |
Halo effect (Rater evaluates overall performance based on a single area in which the employee excels.) |
18.6% |
Perceptual bias (Rater bases rating on their own perception of what is right or wrong or acceptable.) |
16.4% |
Rater does not complete the evaluations |
13.8% |
Primacy effect (Rater focuses on a good or bad incident from when the employee first came under his/her supervision.) |
13.8% |
Just like me tendency (Overrates employees who share his/her own interests/beliefs.) |
12.6% |
Horn effect (Rater underrates overall performance based on a single negative impression of the employee.) |
12.3% |
Other |
3.5% |
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Implementation of Performance Appraisals
When asked how they’ve successfully implemented performance appraisal programs, survey participants provided several helpful hints, including:
- Publish a performance calendar at the outset of the year:
- Personal follow up with delinquent supervisors/managers.
- Inform department directors of delinquent reviews.
- Send the CEO an overall status report on ratings, including who has not completed their reviews.
- Offer assistance as needed; train individually as requested.
- Tie to supervisor/manager job performance.
- View the process as developmental, not punitive.
- Make evaluation forms shorter.
- Tie all bonus disbursement for team to completion.
- Allow enough time to complete evaluations and supply support where needed.
- Automate the process.
HR’s responsibility for the performance appraisal process varies but several functions were widely practiced, including:
- Formal training for supervisors/evaluators, 50.8%
- Reviewing all evaluations, 54.5%
- Filing the paperwork, 56.9%
- Informal coaching for supervisors/evaluators, 60.3%
Additionally, for 40.7% of survey participants, HR screens performance evaluations for anything that might be illegal before supervisors/managers meet with employees.
Merit Increases
Evaluations are tied to most salary increases for 47% and are completely separate for 21.9%, and are partially tied together for 31.1%. Those who separate evaluations from increases do so because:
- A union agreement governs pay increases, 7.8%.
- Evaluations are conducted more frequently than raises are issued, 9.9%.
- Employee pay increases are on a different schedule than evaluations, 16.5%.
- They fear supervisors will be tempted to give good yet false appraisals so employees receive a good raise, 18.1%.
- Budget doesn’t allow for raises every time employees receive evaluations, 18.2%.
- Appraisals are more valuable and constructive if raises aren’t tied to them, 19.5%.
- It helps keep employees from having an entitlement mentality (evaluation = raise), 26.1%.
- They want to focus attention on employee performance instead of on amount of raise, 32.7%.
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Appraisals Under Pay Freezes
Even if salary increases are not an option due to pay freezes or some other reason, 84.6% of survey participants still conduct performance appraisals.
Performance Pay by Employee Type
Type of Pay |
Execu-tive |
Middle manage-ment |
Profes-sional |
Exempt staff |
Non-exempt staff |
Bonus |
49.8% |
44.2% |
37% |
36.1% |
27.5% |
Merit plan |
46.4% |
55% |
54.2% |
56.1% |
55.1% |
Long-term incentive |
18.9% |
6% |
3.9% |
3.2% |
2.1% |
Commission |
4.9% |
3.7% |
4.3% |
4.1% |
4.6% |
Piece rate |
|
|
|
|
1.9% |
Other |
6.4% |
4.8% |
4.7% |
4.6% |
6% |
None |
26.9% |
28.4% |
30.7% |
30.1% |
31.4% |
Group Performance Pay by Employee Type
Type of Pay |
Executive |
Middle manage-ment |
Profes-sional |
Exempt staff |
Non-exempt staff |
Bonus |
25.2% |
22.5% |
19.2% |
19.4% |
15% |
Merit plan |
16.7% |
18.3% |
18% |
18% |
17.7% |
Long-term incentive |
7.8% |
3.1% |
2.4% |
1.6% |
1.3% |
Commission |
2.4% |
2.1% |
2.9% |
1.6% |
2% |
Piece rate |
|
|
|
|
1.6% |
Other |
2.2% |
2% |
2.1% |
2% |
2.5% |
None |
66.8% |
65.8% |
67.5% |
67.9% |
69.1% |
Survey Participants
Demographic breakouts of the 1,481 participants in the survey are below.
Number of Employees |
Percent of Respondents |
Up to 250 employees |
57.4% |
251 to 1,000 employees |
22.9% |
1,001 to 10,000 individuals |
16.9% |
More than 10,000 employees |
2.8% |
Of the participants responding to our survey, 39.4% have a workforce that is one-fifth or less exempt employees. Another 32.8% have a workforce that is more than one-fifth but less than one-half exempt and 27.8% have a workforce with more than one-half exempt employees. Unions represent employees at 22.2% of our survey participant employers.
Privately owned organizations are represented by 47.8% of survey participants and nonprofits account for 18.7%. Public corporations make up 8.6% and governments are represented by 10.1%.
Industries include manufacturing (15.4%); health care and social assistance (13.7%); finance and insurance (9.8%); and professional, technical, and scientific services (8.1%). Educational services represent 6.9% of our survey participants and retail trade accounts for 2.3%.
Our 1,481 survey participants’ positions:
Job Title |
Percent of Respondents |
HR Coordinator |
4.1% |
HR Generalist |
9.5% |
HR Specialist |
4.9% |
HR Manager |
26.5% |
HR Director |
24.3% |
HR VP or above |
9.2% |
Other area with HR responsibilities |
18.7% |
Thanks again to the 1,481 survey participants!
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