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Hart, director of Force Training Institute, leads a team of first responders, antiterrorism, cybersecurity, defensive tactics, and crisis management specialists with vast cumulative experience and expertise in safety and security. Hart is also a police sergeant for one of the largest municipal police departments in Los Angeles County.
As the national conversation regarding violence in the workplace suggests a heightened awareness stemming from increased media coverage, recent studies suggest there may be statistical evidence supporting this perceived frequency.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), about 5% of all businesses experience an instance of workplace violence each year. For larger organizations with over 1,000 employees, this rate is increased tenfold to 50%.
A 2014 report from the FBI found active shooter incidents in the United States now occur on an average of once a month. Of these incidents, almost half (45.6%) occurred at a business while nearly a quarter (24.4%) occurred at pre-K to grade 12 schools and institutions of higher learning.
Although active threats—and the environments where they take place—can vary from incident to incident, the common threads found throughout can be woven together to create the fabric of an effective and successful safety program. The following are lessons learned, gleaned from past experience that businesses can use as tools for building a solid foundation for a safety-minded workplace.
Mindset to Clear the First Hurdle
More often than not, active threat training is the elephant in the room. Everyone has seen or heard of incidents but is reluctant to take the steps toward mitigation. The reasons may vary from believing it’ll make employees more fearful than empowered, to worrying the training might not be “right” for the team. However, looking the other way is not a solution to any problem, much less one with harmful consequences.
The aforementioned statistics illustrate an increasing probability of an active threat incident, making it less of an “if” and more of a “when.” Unfortunately, violence doesn’t discriminate on where it can take place, so the entire enterprise—be it headquarters, warehouse, or storefront—should be involved in preventive measures.
Breaking through the barrier of apprehension begins with a holistic approach: one team, one goal. Leadership should evaluate the type of training fitting its organization’s culture, articulate the vital importance of such training to employees, and clearly explain how the training will be implemented.
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Flexible Response Plans
Violence is seldom a cookie-cutter affair, and as such, a “one-size-fits-all” response is likely an ineffective solution. Conversely, having too many threat-specific responses can be confusing, if not outright dangerous. While different threats do warrant varying responses, a series of “stovepipe” procedures can cripple a person with tunnel vision during a high-stress scenario.
All active threat response plans should be built on the same principles, so even if the minute details are lost in the heat of the moment, team members can still make informed decisions to ensure the safety of themselves and others.
Streamlining processes encourages a quick implementation and retention of information. Knowledge increases confidence, confidence increases decisiveness, and it is decisive action in a critical incident that saves lives.
Proactive Response Plans
A fortunate trend stemming from unfortunate roots is a movement for companies to get ahead of the curve of active threat response. For better or worse, the increased exposure of violence in the workplace means it is no longer an abstract concept but rather an issue thrust into the forefront.
A strategy based on hoping nothing happens and performing damage control is a folly that can irreparably destroy a brand in addition to the obvious harm inflicted on person and property.
An effective response plan doesn’t begin when the incident occurs, but as soon as training can be conducted. Empowering employees with tools on how to identify and communicate to leadership the possible high-risk indicators—such as signs of growing anger, depression, or erratic behavior—can be just as if not more effective as decisive action during an active threat.
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Clear Communication Plans
A cohesive “one-team” mindset supported by a response plan based on fundamentals and foresight cannot take place without clear communication before, during, and after a critical incident.
The language plays a critical role in an active threat response program and can dictate the program’s success or failure. Such language should be consistent with current policies and procedures so the program is both effective and legally defensible.
Each company will need to tailor its active threat response plan to fit its culture and workplace environment. Thankfully, a simple concept utilized by premier agencies already exists, so organizations may build a clear and coherent plan: “Run, Hide, Defend.”
Customer Service
Communication during a critical incident is by no means limited to employees, but extends to customer interaction as well. How companies communicate around and with customers during an active threat incident can play a vital role in minimizing harm and mitigating supplemental harm as a result of panic.
Every active threat mitigation plan should include an emergency communication strategy that may contain one or two common components. First is the use of a code like “Code Adam,” alerting employees to a specific issue while customers and vendors remain unaware of any possible issues.
The second option is to use “plain English” so that everyone quickly gains situational awareness. For example, instead of using “Code Red” for an active shooter incident, the alert would announce there is an active shooter situation in progress so employees, customers, and vendors can take decisive actions to seek safety.
Every active threat situation will unfold differently, especially since external factors such as the weather, type of environment, and other variables can present unpredictable outcomes.
By being proactive about what can be controlled, such as by implementing sound training strategies, companies can be prepared for and respond to an active threat to the best of their ability. Through the empowerment of its most valuable assets—its people—companies can mitigate risks and protect the safety of their employees, customers, and community.