The revamped Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) is expected to benefit many employers, but it also adds complexity and requires considerable analysis to avoid pitfalls, according to attorneys who focus on employment matters.
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Both the House and Senate overwhelmingly passed the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act in an effort to address what many employers considered shortcomings of the original program, which is part of the more than $2 trillion Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. President Donald Trump signed the Flexibility Act on June 5.
Here are the key changes to the program:
- The time period for employers to spend loan funds has been extended from 8 to 24 weeks after loan origination or by December 31, 2020, whichever is earlier.
- The percentage of the loan amount required to be used for payroll has been reduced from 75% to 60%, with the remaining 40% available to be used for rent, mortgage interest, or utilities.
- The loan repayment term for any amounts not forgiven is extended from 2 to 5 years.
- Forgiveness rules for employers not able to fully restore their headcount are changed.
Effect of Changes
Robert T. Luttrell, an attorney with McAfee & Taft in Oklahoma City, says the changes help some employers, but the continuing changes introduced by the Small Business Administration (SBA), the agency administering the program, and the new legislation bring “tremendous complexity” and make planning difficult.
One of the changes allows borrowers that already have PPP loans to choose whether to keep the 8-week covered period or opt for the new 24-week period. A potential problem presented in the new legislation centers on the rules related to how the money is spent.
The original program called for a reduction in forgiveness if less than the required percentage was spent on payroll, but “it appears from the bill to be a hard requirement such that employers would lose all forgiveness if 60% is not spent on payroll costs during the 8- or 24-week period,” Luttrell says.
Some reports indicate the wording in the new law unintentionally limits loan forgiveness and Congress may soon issue technical corrections restoring partial forgiveness.
As for the extension of the term for repayment of any unforgiven amount, Luttrell says employers that already have their loans still have a 2-year repayment period unless they can negotiate an extension with the lender. “With the loan interest rate at 1%, that may be difficult,” Luttrell says. “Future borrowers have a 5-year repayment period. At 1%, fewer lenders may be willing to participate.”
On forgiveness for employers that aren’t able to fully restore their headcount or that call back employees who decline to return, the new law requires them to document an inability to hire similarly qualified employees, Luttrell says. “It does provide a safe harbor if the employer can document the reduction was based on an inability to return to the same level of business activity due to federal requirements,” he says.
The new bill also authorizes PPP loan recipients to a defer payments of the employer portion of Social Security taxes. Originally, the CARES Act allowed employers to delay payment of those taxes unless they were PPP loan recipients, but the Flexibility Act removes that exclusion.
Helpful Changes
Martin J. Regimbal, an attorney with The Kullman Firm in Columbus, Mississippi, says the changes will be welcomed by many employers. Two of the greatest concerns with the original program were the time allotted to spend the funds and the amount that could be used for nonpayroll costs.
“Many employers were quick to obtain the loan, but the limited window to use the funds after receipt and the amount that had to be used for payroll purposes in order to obtain forgiveness did not meet with the reality that too many employers were still unable to operate their business or at a sufficient level within that window,” Regimbal says.
Courtney Strutt Todd, an attorney with the Davis Brown Law Firm in Des Moines, Iowa, agrees that the changes help. “These changes are extremely helpful in that before, most employers would not have been able to expend the proceeds within the 8-week period but now will be able to maximize the forgivable portion of the loan,” she says. The revision also helps businesses that have less payroll expense but higher rent and utility costs get more access to forgivable amounts. “This is a big win for restaurants,” she says.
Some Problems Remain
The new legislation provides what many employers were seeking, but borrowers still have many factors to consider in weighing decisions about maximizing loan forgiveness and other aspects of how they conduct business.
Young-Ji Park, an attorney with Genova Burns LLC in Newark, New Jersey, says employers need to carefully consider how the changes mesh with requirements for maintaining full-time equivalent headcount. She says borrowers need to have conversations with their lender and, if complicated, an attorney to determine options. They also need to stay up to date with guidance from the Treasury Department and the SBA.
Despite uncertainties and potential problems, the revised program is expected to “provide some nice relief because some employers were caught in a tough spot,” Keith A. Krauss, also an attorney with Genova Burns, says. “This thing is a moving target.”
Tammy Binford writes and edits news alerts and newsletter articles on labor and employment law topics for BLR web and print publications.
